Background: Elevated nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) count is introduced as a potential marker of Intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR). To investigate the probable association regardless of any known underlying disease, we aimed to study disturbances in NRBC count in infants experiencing idiopathic IUGR.Methods: Twenty three infants regarded IUGR without any known cause were chosen to be compared to 48 normal neonates. Blood samples were collected instantly after birth and the same measurements were done in both groups.Findings: NRBC count/100 white blood cells was significantly higher in the IUGR group (P value<0.001).pH measurements did not reveal any significant difference.Conclusion: Increased NRBC count in cases of idiopathic IUGR in absence of chronic hypoxia could strengthen its predictive value suggested in previous studies. It could help early IUGR detection and beneficial intervention.

Background: Preeclampsia is a major global cause of maternal, neonatal and perinatal mortality. The aim of this review was to summarize all reviews on Acetylsalicylic Acid for the prevention of Intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) in women at risk for Preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: In this overview we searched databases following Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, Central Records Central Register Cochrane and the Web of Science databases for finding related articles regarding Acetylsalicylic Acid on the prevention of IUGR in women at high risk for Preeclampsia. Search was conducted from 1996 to 5 April 2019 with English keywords. Any meta-analysis (published or unpublished), was eligible for inclusion. No language restriction was imposed. Results: Finally eight meta-analysis were included in the review. Acetylsalicylic acid begun at 16≤ weeks significantly reduced IUGR in women; but it was not effective in the subgroups of women who took acetylsalicylic acid when they had gestational age of more than 16 weeks. One meta-analysis showed that acetylsalicylic acid was superior to control group in decreasing of IUGR in East Asians (OR=0. 36); while no significant effectiveness was observed in non-East Asians (OR = 0. 85). According to one meta-analysis, a dose-response effect of acetylsalicylic acid (p=0. 04) on IUGR was observed if it was begun at 16≤ weeks. However, a dose-response effect (p= 0. 95) was not seen if women started acetylsalicylic acid when they were in gestational age more than 16 weeks. Conclusion: Acetylsalicylic acid has decreased the incidence of IUGR if administrated before or at 16 weeks. Acetylsalicylic acid was superior to control group in decreasing IUGR risk in East Asians but not in non-East Asians.

Background: Worldwide Intra-uterine growth restriction carries out high rate of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Perinatal mortality rates are 4-8 times higher for growth-retarded infants. Intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) is subdivided into symmetrical and asymmetrical subtypes. We aimed to focus on the actual incidence of each subtype of IUGR and disparities.Materials and Methods: Across-sectional descriptive study applied on 52 singleton newborns admitted to the NICU at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from January to December2015.We assessed them for some demographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, investigation and a thorough physical examination with an estimation of the Ponderal Index (PI) values; these data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18.0.Results: We found equal gender distribution for each sex. The 63.46% of IUGR babies were of asymmetrical type, while 36.53% were symmetrical. Incidence rate was higher among multiparous mothers than primiparous as 51.9%. The asymmetrical subtype mostly delivered by Normal Vaginal Delivery (63.6%), while the symmetrical subtype mostly delivered by Cesarean section (68.4%). Respiratory distress syndrome was the commonest early complication, the higher percentage was among symmetrical than asymmetrical subtypes 57.9%, 27.3%, respectively. Among all deaths, 33.35% had asymmetrical subtype. The mean birth weight for a symmetrical subtype was 1.410 gr, while for the symmetrical subtype it was 1.760 grams.Conclusion: The asymmetrical IUGR newborns were more than symmetrical type. More than two thirds of symmetrical IUGR were delivered with Cesarean section, while more than two thirds of asymmetrical IUGR were delivered normally and more than half of symmetrical IUGR were with RDS. Sex had no effect on IUGR distribution.

Objective: Despite Intra uterine Device (IUD) has the advantage of providing long-term contraception and does not require daily attention, only %8 of Iranian women use it. This study was conducted to enhance understanding of why women in the Isfahan appear reluctant to consider IUD as a contraceptive method.Materials and methods: It was a qualitative study that was done in Isfahan in May 2009. Five urban health centers of Isfahan city were selected randomly. In each center by purposive opportunistically sampling, interview was done with referring women of reproductive age that had never used IUD without any contraindication by one interviewer. One to one semi-structured interviews were continued until a level of information saturation was reached and no new themes were emerging. Each woman's believe about IUD and her reasons for not using IUD as a contraceptive method was asked by interviewer. Also all participants were asked about the official (leaflets, health care professionals, books and school) and unofficial (personal narratives recounted by friends and relatives) sources of their information. Eleven interviews were conducted in total. key words in ideas of each woman were identified to develop major misconceptions about IUD use.Results: Fear of side effects of IUD, religious believes, anxieties related to fitting of an IUD, make difficulty in intercourse and damage to fetus were the major misconceptions about IUD use. Religious believes were the most impediment factor for IUD use.Conclusion: All of the items identified mirrored those found in other studies except the prominent worries about religious aspects of using IUD that are new and need wider exploration.